|
transliteration translation and notes by Dr K.Loganthan |
1. ¦ÀÂ÷¸û: On Names
1500.
Á¡üÈÕï
º¢ÈôÀ¢ý ÁÃÀ¢Âø
¸¢ÇôÀ¢ý
À¡÷ôÒõ
ÀÈØõ ÌðÊÔõ ÌÕ¨ÇÔõ
¸ýÚõ À¢û¨ÇÔõ
Á¸×õ ÁÈ¢Ôõ ±ýÚ
´ýÀÐõ
ÌÆÅ¢§Â¡Î ǨÁô
¦À§Ã
maaRRarunj siRappin marabiyal kiLappin
paarppum paRazum kuddiyum kuruLaiyum
kanRum piLLaiyum makavum maRiyum enRu
onbatum kuzaviyoodu iLamaip peyraree
In explicating the historical genesis
and continuity (of words) that are
so difficult to change, (we begin
by noting that) along with kuzavi,
the following nine names: paarppu paRaz
kuddi kuruLai kanRu
piLLai makavu and maRi are the names
of the young
1501
²Úõ ²ü¨ÈÔõ
´Õò¾Öõ ¸Ç¢Úõ
§º×õ §ºÅÖõ
èÄÔõ ¸¨ÄÔõ
§Á¡ò¨¾Ôõ
¾¸Õõ ¯¾Ùõ «ôÀÕõ
§À¡òÐõ
¸ñÊÔõ ¸ÎÅÛõ
À¢È×õ
¡ò¾ ¬ñÀ¡ü
¦À¦ÃÉ ¦Á¡Æ¢À
eeRum eeRRaiyum oruttalum kaLiRum
ceevum ceevalum iralaiyum kalaiyum
moottaiyum takarum utaLum apparum
poottum kaNdiyum kaduvanum piRavum
yaatta aaNpaaR peyrena mozipa
They (the linguists) will aver that the
names :
eeRu eeRRai oruttal kaLiRu cee ceeval
iralai kalai
mOttai takar utaL appar pOttu kaNdi kaduvan
and so forth are the namesin use
for the Male of the species
yaatta: those that have arisen or composed ; yaa= aa: to become; aaN paal: Male Category, the division of living things into the category of males
1502
§À¨¼Ôõ
¦À¨¼Ôõ ¦Àð¨¼Ôõ
¦ÀñÏõ
ãÎõ ¿¡Ìõ
¸¼¨ÁÔõ «ÇÌõ
Áó¾¢Ôõ
À¡ðÊÔõ À¢¨½Ôõ
À¢½×õ
«ó¾ï º¡ýÈ
À¢Ê¦Â¡Î ¦Àñ§½
peedaiyum pedaiyum peddaiyum peNNum
muudum naakum kadamaiyum aLakum
mantiyum paaddiyum piNaiyum piNavum
anthanj caanRa pidiyodu peNNee
The names peedai pedai peddai peN
muudu naaku kadamai aLaku
manti paaddi piNai piNavu
along with the final pidi
are the names of the Females
anthanj caaNra: that which is final;
antam: the end, the limit, the final etc
2. ǨÁô ¦ÀÂ÷¸û Ilamaip PeyarkaL
( Geneology of Names: the Names of the Young)
1503
«ÅüÚû
À¡÷ôÒõ
À¢û¨ÇÔõ ÀÈôÀÅüÚ
ǨÁ
avaRRuL
paarppum piLLaiyum paRappavaRu iLamai
Among these (names of the young)
paarppu and piLLai are names of the young
of the flying (creatures)
1504.
¾ÅúÀ¨Å ¾¡Óõ «Åü§È¡÷ «ýÉ
tavazbavai taamum avaRRoor anna
The names of those (creatures) that
crawl
are also the same
1505.
ãí¸¡ ¦ÅÕÌ
±Ä¢ ãÅâ «½¢§Ä¡Î
¬íÌ «¨Å
¿¡ýÌõ ÌðÊìÌ
¯Ã¢Â
muungkaa veruku eli muvari aNiloodu
aangku avai naankum kuddikku uriya
The name kuddi pertains to the youngs
of muungkaa(mongoose) veruku (wild cat)
eli (mouse or rat) and the three
striped aNil (squirrel)
1506.
ÀÈú ±ÉôÀÊÛõ ¯Èú ¬ñÊø¨Ä
paRaz enappadinum uRaz aaNdillai
Even if called paRaz (and not kuddi) there
will be
no inconsistency there
1507
¿¡§Â ÀýÈ¢
ÒÄ¢ ÓÂø ¿¡ýÌõ
¬Ôí ¸¡¨Äì
ÌÕ¨Ç ±ýÀ
naayee panRi puli muyal naankum
aayung kaalaik kuraLai enpa
The scholars will say after proper investigations
(into the linguistic practices that)
the young of naay(dogs) panRi (pigs)
puli (tiger) muyal (rabbit)
are called kuruLai
1508
¿Ã¢Ôõ «ü§È ¿¡ÊÉ÷ ¦¸¡Ç¢§É
nariyum aRRee naadinar koLinee
The same holds for nari(foxes) if you
respect the
analysis of actual use.
1509
ÌðÊÔõ ÀÃØõ ÜüÚ «Åñ Ũá÷
kuddiyum parazum kuuRRu avaN varaiyaar
The speech acts where those that are called
kuddi
are also called paraz will not be censored
(as wrong)
1510
À¢û¨Çô
¦ÀÂÕõ À¢¨ÆôÒ
¬ñÊø¨Ä
¦¸¡ûÙí
¸¡¨Ä ¿¡ö «ø «íÌ
«¨¼§Â
piLLaip peyarum pizaippu aaNdillai
koLLung kaalai naay al angku adaiyee
The use of the name piLLai will not be
wrong
as long as the naay (the dogs) remain
excluded.
1511
¡Îí ̾¢¨ÃÔõ
¿ùÅ¢Ôõ ¯¨ÆÔõ
µÎõ ÒøÅ¡ö
¯ÇôÀ¼ ÁÈ¢§Â
yaadung kutiraiyum ýavviyum uzaiyum
oodum pulvaay uLappada maRiyee
The young of yaadu(goats) kutirai(
horses )and the deers
of the type navvi uzai and including
the fast running pulvaay
are known as maRi
1512
§¸¡ÎÅ¡ú ÌÃíÌõ ÌðÊ ÜÚÀ
koodu vaaz kurangkum kuddi kuuRuba
The young of kurangku(monkeys) that
live on trees are
also named kuddi
koodu: the tree branches
1513
Á¸×õ À¢û¨ÇÔõ
ÀÈØõ À¡÷ôÒõ
«¨ÅÔõ «ýÉ
«ôÀ¡ø ¬É
makavum piLLLaiyum paRazum paarppum
avaiyum anna appaal aana
For the above case (i.e the young of monkeys)
the terms makavu piLLai paRaz and paarppu
are also applied
1514.
¡¨ÉÔõ
̾¢¨ÃÔõ ¸Ø¨¾Ôõ
¸¼¨ÁÔõ
¬§É¡Î ³óÐõ
¸ýÚ ±ÉüÌ ¯Ã¢Â
yaanaiyum kutiraiyum kazutaiyum kadamaiyum
aanoodu aintum kanRu enaRku uriya
The young of the following five : yaanai
(elephant),
kutirai( horses) kazutai(donkey) kadamai(elk)
and
aan (cattle) are named kanRu as such
1515
±Õ¨ÁÔõ Á¨ÃÔõ Ũá÷ ¬ñ§¼
erumaiyum maraiyum varaiyaar aaNdee
The application of kanRu for the young
of
erumai (buffalo) and marai( the elk or
a kind of deer)
will not be disallowed.
1516
¸ÅâÔõ ¸Ã¡Óõ ¿¢¸÷ «ÅüÚû§Ç
kavarium karaamum nikar avaRuLLee
It is the same with the young of kavari(
a kind of deer)
and karaam (the alligator)
1517
´ð¼¸õ «Åü§È¡Î ´ÕÅÆ¢ ¿¢¨ÄÔõ
oddakam avaRRoodu oruvazi nilaiyum
The young of oddakam( camels) stands
tha same way
1518
ÌïºÃõ ¦ÀÚ§Á ÌÆÅ¢ô ¦ÀÂ÷¦¸¡¨¼
kunjsaram peRumee kuzavi peyarkkodai
The young of kunjsaram (elephants) have
the name
kuzavi as given to them
1519
¬×õ ±Õ¨ÁÔõ «¨Å ¦º¡ÄôÀΧÁ
aavum erumaiyum avai colap padumee
The young of aa(cows) and erumai( buffalo)
have
also being called thus
1520
¸¼¨ÁÔõ Á¨ÃÔõ Ó¾ø¿¢¨Ä ´ýÚõ
kadamaiyum maraiyum mutalnilai onRum
The names of the young of kadamai( elk)
and
marai (a kind of deer) coalesces with
the above(i.e kuzavi)
1521.
ÌÃíÌõ
ÓÍ×õ °¸Óõ ãýÚõ
¿¢ÃõÀ
¿¡Êý «ô¦ÀÂ÷ìÌ
¯Ã¢Â
kurangkum mucuvum uukamum muunRum
niramba naadin appeyarkku uriya
If you examine exhaustively the young
of
the three varieties on monkeys - kurangku,
musu and uukam-
they are also named thus ( i.e. kuzavi)
1522.
ÌÆÅ¢Ôõ
Á¸×õ ¬Â¢ÃñÎ
«øĨÅ
¸¢ÆÅ «øÄ
Áì¸ð ¸ñ§½
kuzaviyum makavum aayiraNdu all avai
kizava ala makkad kaNNee
Except the use of kuzavi and makavu for
the young of human beings, all other
names are not in use.
1523
À¢û¨Ç ÌÆÅ¢
¸ý§È §À¡òÐ ±Éì
¦¸¡ûÇ×õ
«¨ÁÔõ µÃÈ¢×
¯Â¢÷째
piLLai kuzavi kanRee pooththu enak
koLLavum amaiyum ooraRivu uyirkkee
For the young of living things with a
single sense,
the use of the names piLLai kuzavi and
poottu
are available in use
1524.
¦¿øÖõ ÒøÖõ §¿Ã¡÷ ¬ñ§¼
nellum pullum neeraar aaNdee
However the young of the plants
rice and grass
are excluded (from thus being called)
1525.
¦º¡øÄ¢Â
ÁÃÀ¢ý ǨÁ ¾¡§É
¦º¡øÖí
¸¡¨Ä «¨ÅÂÄРħÅ
colliya marabin iLamai thaanee
collung kaalai avaiyalathu ilavee
The explication of the geneology of the
names of the young
that we have articulated so far
is rather conclusive,
there is nothing beyond these usages.
¯Â¢÷¸Ç¢ý
ÁÃÒ: On the Geneology of Living things
1526
´ýÈÈ¢
ÅЧŠ¯üÚ «È¢ÅЧÅ
Ãñ¼È¢
ÅЧŠ«¾¦É¡Î
¿¡§Å
ãýÈÈ¢
ÅЧŠ«Åü¦È¡Î
ã째
¿¡ý¸È¢
ÅЧŠ«Åü¦È¡Î
¸ñ§½
³ó¾È¢
ÅЧŠ«Åü¦È¡Î
¦ºÅ¢§Â
¬ÈÈ¢ ÅЧÅ
«Åü¦È¡Î ÁɧÉ
§¿Ã¢¾¢ý
¯½÷󧾡÷ ¦¿È¢ôÀÎò
¾¢É§Ã
onRaRi vatuvee uRRu aRivatuvee
iraNda Rivatuvee atanodu naavee
muunRaRi vatuvee avaRRodu muukkee
naankaRi vatuvee avRRodu kaNNee
aintaRi vatuvee avaRodu ceviyee
aaRaRi vatuvee avaRRodu mananee
neeritin uNarntoor neRippadut tinaree
The living things with a SINGLE sense
only are those which understand only with the sense of touch
Those with TWO senses are those that
along with it also have the sense of tasting with the tongue
Those with THREE are those that
along with the above also have capacity to smell with the nose
Those with FOUR are those that can see
with eyes
Those with FIVE are those that along
with the above also have the sense of hearing with the ears
Those with SIX are those that along
with the above(five) have also the mind (for thinking)
Thus have been categorised all
the living things by those who have understood them faultlessly
neeritin uNarntoor: Those who have understood the things as they are in themselves .i.e. nondeviantly
1527.
ÒøÖõ ÁÃÛõ
µ÷ «È¢Å¢É§Å
À¢È×õ
¯Ç§Å «ì¸¢¨Çô
À¢Èô§À
pullum maranum oor aRivinavee
piRavum uLavee akkiLaip piRappee
The grass and trees are things with only
one sense
There are many others belonging to this
branch of living things
kiLai: the Species that emerges from a Genus
1528
¿óÐõ ÓÃÙõ
®÷ «È¢Å¢É§Å
À¢È×õ
¯Ç§Å «ì¸¢¨Çô
À¢Èô§À
nantum muraLum iir aRivinavee
piRavum uLavee akkiLaip piRappee
The snail and oyster are (creatures
) with TWO senses
There are many others belonging to this
branch of living things
1529
º¢¾Öõ ±ÚõÒõ
ãÅÈ¢ ŢɧÅ
À¢È×õ
¯Ç§Å «ì¸¢¨Çô
À¢Èô§À
sitalum eRumpum muuvaRi vinavee
piRavum uLavee akkiLaip piRappee
The termites and ants are the creatures
with THREE senses
There are many others belonging to this
branch of living things
1530
¿ñÎõ ÐõÀ¢Ôõ
¿¡ýÌ «È¢Å¢É§Å
À¢È×õ
¯Ç§Å «ì¸¢¨Çô
À¢Èô§À
naNdum tumbiyum naanku aRivinavee
piRavum uLavee akkiLaip piRappee
The crabs and dragonfly are creatures
with FOUR senses
There are many others belonging to this
branch of living things
tumbi: the dragonfly and such other insects
1531
Á¡×õ *Á¡ì¸Ùõ
³ «È¢Å¢É§Å
À¢È×õ
¯Ç§Å «ì¸¢¨Çô
À¢Èô§À
* ÒûÙõ
maavum *maakkaLum ai aRivinavee
piravum uLavee akkiLaip pirappee
* variant: puLLum
The mammals or mammal- like savage humans
(or puL: the flying creatures) have FIVE senses
There are many others belonging to this
branch of living things
1532.
Áì¸û ¾¡§Á
¬ÈÈ¢ ×¢§Ã
À¢È×õ
¯Ç§Å «ì¸¢¨Çô
À¢Èô§À
makkaL thaamee aaRaRi vuyiree
piRavum uLavee akkiLaip piRappee
The (real) humans are the creatures with
(all the) SIX senses
There are many others belonging to this
branch of living things
*1532(additional in Ilampuuranar)
´Õº¡÷ Å¢ÄíÌõ ¯Ç¦ÅÉ ¦Á¡Æ¢À
orusaar vilangkum uLavana mozipa
There are some who would include in this
category even some animals
4: ¬ñÀ¡ü ¦ÀÂ÷¸û The Names of the Male (of the different Species)
1533.
§ÅÆì Ìâò§¾ Å¢¾óÐ ¸Ç¢Ú ±ýÈø
veezak kurittee vitantu kaLiRu enRal
The male of the elephants are specially
called kaLiRu
1534.
§¸Æü ¸ñÏõ ¸ÊŨà ¢ý§È
keezaR kaNNum kadivarai yinRee
The use of that name for boar
is
not disallowed.
1535.
ÒøÅ¡ö ÒÄ¢
¯¨Æ Á¨Ã§Â ¸Åâ
¦º¡øÄ¢Â
¸Ã¡§Á¡Î ´Õò¾ø
´ýÚõ
pulvaay puli uzai maraiyee kavari
colliya karaamoodu oruttal onRum
oruttal coincides with the name of the
males of
pulvaay (deer) puli (tiger) marai (a
kind of deer) and kavari(another kind of deer)
and the earlier mentioned karaam (alligator)
1536.
Å¡÷§¸¡ðΠ¡¨ÉÔõ ÀýÈ¢Ôõ «ýÉ
vaarkooddu yaanaiyum panRiyum anna
The male elephant with long tusks and that of hog are also the same
1537.
²üÒ¨¼òÐ ±ýÀ ±Õ¨Áì ¸ñÏõ
eeRpudaiththu enpa erumaik kaNNum
It is said that it is appropriate even with the male buffalo
1538.
ÀýÈ¢ ÒøÅ¡ö
¯¨Æ§Â ¸Åâ
±ýÈ¢¨Å
¿¡ýÌõ ²Ú ±ÉüÌ
¯Ã¢Â
panRi pulvaay uzaiyee kavari
enRivai waankum eeRu enaRku uriya
The male of the four: pigs the deers pulvaay
uzai and kavari
can be called eeRu
1539.
±Õ¨ÁÔõ Á¨ÃÔõ ¦ÀüÈÓõ «ýÉ
erumaiyum maraiyum peRRamum anna
The name (for the males of) erumai (buffalo)
marai(elk) and
peRRam (cattle) is also the same
1540
¸¼øÅ¡ú ÍÈ×õ ²Ú ±ÉôÀΧÁ
kadalvaaz suRvum eeRu enappadumee
The male of the sea living sharks is also
called "eeRu"
1541
¦ÀüÈÓõ
±Õ¨ÁÔõ ÒÄ¢ Á¨Ã
ÒøÅ¡ö
ÁüÈ¢¨Å
¦ÂøÄ¡õ §À¡òÐ
±ÉôÀΧÁ
peRRamum erumaiyum puli marai pulvaay
maRRivai yellaam poottu enappadumee
The male of cattle buffalo tiger the kinds
of deer marai
and pulvaay and all such creatures are
termed poottu
1542.
¿£÷Å¡ú º¡¾¢Ôû «ÚÀ¢ÈôÒ ¯Ã¢Â
niirvaaz saatiyuL aRupiRappu uriya
Variant:
¿£÷Å¡ú º¡¾¢Ôõ «Ð¦ÀÈüÌ ¯Ã¢Â
niirvaaz caatiyum atu peRaRku uriya
The male of those creatures living in the waters are also named thus
aRu piRappu: the six different types of creatures living in the waters are listed as sharks, crocodiles, alligators, idangkar(another type of crocodile) varaal (prawns or lobsters) and vaaLai( a kind of fish)
1543.
Á¢Öõ ±Æ¡«Öõ À¢Äò §¾¡ýÚõ
mayilum ezaaalum payilat toonRum
The males of mayil(peacock) and ezaal(
a kind of eagle) are also seen to be called thus.
1544.
èÄÔõ ¸¨ÄÔõ ÒøÅ¡öìÌ ¯Ã¢Â
iralaiyum kalaiyum pulvaaykku uriya
The names iralai and kalai pertain to the males of pulvaay( a kind of deer)
1545.
¸¨Ä ±ý ¸¡ðº¢ ¯¨ÆìÌõ ¯Ã¢ò§¾
kalai en kaadci uzaikkum urittee
The seeing of the males of uzai (a kind
of deer) as kalai also belongs to the usage
1546.
¿¢¨Ä¢üÚ «ô¦ÀÂ÷ ÓÍÅ¢ý ¸ñÏõ
nilaiyiRRu appeyar mucuvin kaNNum
The same goes for the males of the monkeys of the type musu
1547.
§Á¡ò¨¾Ôõ
¾¸Õõ ¯¾Ùõ «ôÀÕõ
¡ò¾ ±ýÀ
¡ðÊý ¸ñ§½
moottaiyum takarum utaLum apparum
yaatta enpa yaaddin kaNNee
For the males of goats the names mottai takar utaL and appar apply
1548.
§ºÅü ¦ÀÂ÷즸¡¨¼
º¢È¦¸¡Î º¢ÅÏõ
Á¡Â¢Õó
àÅ¢ Á¢ø «ø «íÌ
«¨¼§Â
ceevaR peyarkkodai cirakodu civaNum
maayirun tuuvi al angku adaiyee
The males of all the creatures with feathers except the mayil that has great and wonderous feathersare given the name cEval
1549.
¬üȦġÎ
Ò½÷ó¾ ¬ñÀ¡üÌ
±øÄ¡õ
²ü¨Èì ¸¢ÇÅ¢
¯Ã¢ò¦¾É ¦Á¡Æ¢À
aaRRalodu puNarnta aaNpaaRku ellaam
eeRRaik kiLavi urittena moziba
The scholars will say that to the males with Power of all animals the names ERu can be applied.
1550.
¬ñÀ¡ø ±øÄ¡õ
¬ñ ±ÉüÌ ¯Ã¢Â;
¦ÀñÀ¡ø
±øÄ¡õ ¦Àñ ±ÉüÌ
¯Ã¢Â
¸¡ñÀ «¨Å
«¨Å «ôÀ¡ø ¬É
aaNpaal ellaam aaN enaRku uriya
peNpaal ellaam peN enaRku uriya
kaaNba avai avai appaal aan
All those that are biologically
males deserve to be called a male;
All those that are biologically
females deserve to be called a female
because it can be seen that these gender
divisions obtain in theirr biological endowments
(¦¾¡¼Õõ)